GNOME

GNOME 3.22 (Fedora 25)

Intro

• GNOME 3 pre svoje fungovanie potrebuje v podstate iba DBus service (sucast freedesktop.org projektu)
• Bola vykonana (zatial este nie uplna) migracia z GConf (GNOME 2) na GSettings (GNOME 3)
  • dconf (low-level configuration system) is only the GSettings backend. Most applications will not want to interface directly with dconf, but rather with GSettings
• Commandline konfiguracny nastroj gsettings v GNOME 3 zamiena predosly gconftool-2 z GNOME 2
• Analogicky GUI aplikacia dconf-editor v GNOME 3 zamiena predosly gconf-editor z GNOME 2
• gsettings nemoze zmenit hodnotu kluca pokial nebezi DBus service (napr. problemy s X-serverom), mozno vsak pouzit dbus-launch utilitu

$ dbus-launch gsettings get org.gnome.desktop.session session-name
'gnome'                                                                               # default GNOME 3
$ dbus-launch gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.session session-name 'gnome-fallback'   # rezim spatnej kompatibility (hardware cannot handle graphics acceleration)

• Kedze este nebola zavrsena plna migracia z Gconf na GSettings, pre plnu konfigurovatelnost GNOME 3 sa moze okrem predurceneho gsettings (resp. GUI ekvivalent dconf-editor) pouzivat aj gconftool-2 (resp. GUI gconf-editor). Pre realny zivot je vsak uz takmer (GNOME > 3.14) plna migracia na GSettings.

Configuration

GNOME configuration tools
gnome-control-center	basic	GUI	Configure GNOME settings
gnome-tweaks	advanced	GUI	Graphical interface for advanced GNOME settings
dconf	expert	CLI	Tool for manipulating a dconf database
dconf-editor	expert	GUI	Graphical editor for gsettings and dconf
gsettings	expert	CLI	GSettings configuration tool

GSettings configuration tool

gsettings(1) offers a simple commandline interface to GSettings. Note that gsettings needs a D-Bus session bus connection to write changes to the dconf(1) database.

# example with org.gnome.desktop.background schema and picture-options key

$ gsettings describe org.gnome.desktop.background picture-options
Determines how the image set by wallpaper_filename is rendered. Possible values are 'none', 'wallpaper', 'centered', 'scaled', 'stretched', 'zoom', 'spanned'.
$ gsettings get org.gnome.desktop.background picture-options
'zoom'
$ gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.background picture-options 'none'
$ gsettings reset org.gnome.desktop.background picture-options

$ gsettings reset-recursively org.gnome.desktop.background
$ gsettings list-recursively org.gnome.desktop.background

My personal GNOME customization

$ wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/musinsky/config/master/GNOME/gnome.sh -O - | bash

! POKRACOVAT !

$ set  | grep -i XDG
cat /usr/share/glib-2.0/schemas/org.gnome.desktop.background.gschema.xml

https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/GDM#Login_screen_background_image (extractgst.sh)

https://techwiser.com/ubuntu-alt-tab-ungroup/

2024-01

$ gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.wm.keybindings switch-windows "['<Alt>Tab']"   # default @as []
$ gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.wm.keybindings switch-applications "[]"        # ['<Super>Tab', '<Alt>Tab']

$ gsettings reset org.gnome.shell command-history
$ gsettings set org.gnome.shell command-history "['gnome-terminal', 'emacs', 'audacious']"

• 2023-05
• /etc/dconf
• https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-us/red_hat_enterprise_linux/8/html/using_the_desktop_environment_in_rhel_8/configuring-gnome-at-low-level_using-the-desktop-environment-in-rhel-8#configuring-custom-default-values_configuring-gnome-at-low-level

Commandline interface

<gistit user="musinsky" repo="config" file="GNOME/gnome.sh"/>

gsettings list-recursively > gsettings.all
gsettings list-recursively org.gnome.desktop.background

gsettings reset org.gnome.desktop.interface gtk-enable-primary-paste          # Middle Click Paste (true)
gsettings reset org.gnome.desktop.peripherals.touchpad disable-while-typing   # (true)

GSettings schemas

• At runtime, GSettings looks for schemas in the glib-2.0/schemas/ subdirectories of all directories specified in the XDG_DATA_DIRS environment variable. The usual location to install schema files is /usr/share/glib-2.0/schemas/
• Uzivatel moze pridat svoju directory (napr. ~/.local/share/glib-2.0/schemas/) nastavenim premennej export XDG_DATA_DIRS=~/.local/share:/usr/share
• Ina moznost je specifikovat directory, kde sa ma hladat schema, napr.

gsettings --schemadir ~/.local/share/gnome-shell/extensions/system-monitor@paradoxxx.zero.gmail.com/schemas/ get org.gnome.shell.extensions.system-monitor move-clock

• glib-compile-schemas kompiluje vsetky GSettings XML schemas files v jeden binarny file gschemas.compiled, ktory potom cita GSettings

$ ln -s ~/.local/share/gnome-shell/extensions/system-monitor@paradoxxx.zero.gmail.com/schemas/org.gnome.shell.extensions.system-monitor.gschema.xml \
  /usr/share/glib-2.0/schemas/
$ glib-compile-schemas /usr/share/glib-2.0/schemas/

gsettings get org.gnome.shell.extensions.system-monitor move-clock

• Jednoducha moznost nastavenia vlastnych default hodnot vytvorenim subora s filename extension .gschema.override

https://docs.gtk.org/gio/class.Settings.html#vendor-overrides

https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/199836/how-can-i-view-the-content-of-a-backup-of-the-dconf-database-file
https://askubuntu.com/questions/363288/how-can-i-read-gsettings-values-from-a-filesystem-backup
$ dconf dump /
$ dconf dump /org/gnome/desktop/wm/preferences/

Just do dconf watch / and change the icon theme, it will show what dconf prop is changed
$ dconf watch /

Windows Management

Clutter

Library for creating fast, hardware-accelerated (OpenGL), visually rich graphical user interfaces

Mutter & Muffin

Window and compositing managers. Mutter & Muffin combines the Clutter toolkit with solid window-management inherited from the Metacity window manager

Mutter used as the display core of a larger system such as GNOME Shell or Moblin (default manager for GNOME 3 in Fedora)

Muffin used as the display core of a larger system such as Cinnamon (non-default in Fedora)

Metacity

Window manager that was used by default in the GNOME 2 desktop. Since Gnome 3.16 metacity themes are no more supported. Mutter no longer uses Metacity themes.

Themes

• Vsetky themes subory sa nachadzaju v /usr/share/themes/<themeName>/, resp. ~/.themes/<themeName>/ directory
• Zmena celej theme, resp. desktop-u (odhliadnuc od icons a cursors), zahrna zmenu dvoch sub-theme:
  • Shell theme - themes/<themeName>/gnome-shell/

  uzivatel moze vyberat, menit GNOME Shell theme az po nainstalovani extensions dnf install gnome-shell-extension-user-theme

  • GTK+ Theme - themes/<themeName>/{gtk-2.0,gtk-3.0}/
  • Current (Window) theme - themes/<themeName>/metacity-1/
• Themes je mozne velmi jedoducho vyberat, menit pomocou gnome-tweak-tool v menu Appearance
• Default theme pre GNOME 3 (a zaroven aj pre Fedora) je Adwaita, rozne ine themes:
  • http://www.deviantart.com/browse/all/customization/skins/linuxutil/desktopenv/gnome/
  • http://gnome-look.org/

Customizing

• Najoptimalnejsi sposob ako menit niektore nastavenia v Shell alebo GTK+ themes je vytvorit kvazi novu theme, ktora je odvodena od povodnej theme. Window theme, resp. Metacity nie je mozne derivovat
• Customizing default Shell theme derived from default gnome-shell.css

$ wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/musinsky/config/master/GNOME/gnome-shell.css -P /usr/share/themes/Mucha/gnome-shell/

• Customizing default GTK+ theme (Adwaita) derived from default gtk.css

$ wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/musinsky/config/master/GNOME/gtk.css -P /usr/share/themes/Mucha/gtk-3.0/
$ ln -s /usr/share/themes/Adwaita/gtk-2.0/ /usr/share/themes/Mucha/

• Applying changes

gsettings set org.gnome.shell.extensions.user-theme name 'Mucha'
gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.interface gtk-theme 'Mucha'

• https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/GNOME
• http://blog.fpmurphy.com/2011/03/customizing-the-gnome-3-shell.html
• http://blog.fpmurphy.com/2011/05/more-gnome-shell-customization.html
• https://github.com/gnome-integration-team/firefox-gnome

• Customizing Adwaita Window (Metacity) theme based on default metacity-theme-3.xml

$ mkdir -p /usr/share/themes/Mucha/metacity-1/
$ cp /usr/share/themes/Adwaita/metacity-1/metacity-theme-3.xml /usr/share/themes/Mucha/metacity-1/

• reduce titlebar height

$ sed -i '/title_vertical_pad/s|value="[0-9]\{1,2\}"|value="2"|g' /usr/share/themes/Mucha/metacity-1/metacity-theme-3.xml

• change titlebar color (in titlebar_fill_focused section)

$ sed -i 's/gtk:custom(wm_bg_b,gtk:bg\[NORMAL\])/blend\/#000000\/gtk:bg\[NORMAL\]\/0.8/' /usr/share/themes/Mucha/metacity-1/metacity-theme-3.xml

gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.wm.preferences theme 'Mucha'  # GNOME 3.16 is DEPRECATED

GNOME Shell

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNOME_Shell
• https://wiki.gnome.org/Projects/GnomeShell

GNOME Shell je zakladna cast user interface v GNOME 3 (spusta aplikacie, prepina okna a pod.), pouziva Mutter (compositing window manager) a je stale aktivne vyvijane.

Developer tools (keyboard command Alt+F2)
'lg'	Looking Glass (GNOME Shell debugger)
'r' or 'restart'	restart GNOME Shell (not available on Wayland)
'rt'	reload GNOME Shell theme
'debugexit'	quit GNOME Shell

• https://wiki.gnome.org/Projects/GnomeShell/Extensions

Prostredie GNOME Shell sa moze flexibilne upravovat pomocou roznych extensions, ktore jednoducho nacitavaju JavaScript a CSS. Je to nahrada za applets a widgets. Subory s GNOME Shell extensions sa nachadzaju v /usr/share/gnome-shell/extensions/<extName>/, resp. ~/.local/share/gnome‑shell/extensions/<extName>/.

Manage GNOME Extensions
gnome-extensions	CLI	Command line tool for managing GNOME extensions
gnome-extensions-app	GUI	Manage your GNOME Extensions
https://extensions.gnome.org/local/	Web	Find and install GNOME Shell extensions using website
NOTE gnome-shell-extension-prefs and gnome-shell-extension-tool are deprecated, use gnome-extensions instead. NOTE GNOME Shell browser required $ dnf install gnome-browser-connector.

$ gnome-extensions list                                # Installed extensions
$ gsettings get org.gnome.shell enabled-extensions     # Enabled extensions
$ dnf list gnome-shell-extension\*                     # Available extensions

# personally I prefer installing extensions from a web browser instead of installing system packages
# $ dnf remove gnome-shell-extension\*

GNOME Shell Extensions

Install gnome-shell-extensions from source https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/gnome-shell-extensions

git clone https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/gnome-shell-extensions.git
cd gnome-shell-extensions/
git checkout gnome-45   # set version (or main branch)
head meson.build        # check version version: '45.2'
./export-zips.sh

gnome-extensions install zip-files/apps-menu@gnome-shell-extensions.gcampax.github.com.shell-extension.zip
gnome-extensions install zip-files/window-list@gnome-shell-extensions.gcampax.github.com.shell-extension.zip
gnome-extensions enable apps-menu@gnome-shell-extensions.gcampax.github.com
gnome-extensions enable window-list@gnome-shell-extensions.gcampax.github.com

• User Themes
• Applications Menu
• Screenshot Window Sizer
• Removable Drive Menu
• Window List

ENAME="window-list@gnome-shell-extensions.gcampax.github.com"
EDIR="$HOME/.local/share/gnome-shell/extensions/$ENAME"
cp -p "$EDIR/stylesheet-dark.css" "$EDIR/stylesheet-dark.css.$(date +%F_%T)"
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/musinsky/config/master/GNOME/extensions/window-list.stylesheet-dark.css -O - >> "$EDIR/stylesheet-dark.css"
gnome-extensions disable "$ENAME" && gnome-extensions enable "$ENAME"

Other Shell Extensions

• Unblank lock screen
• Color Picker
• system-monitor-next

SDIR="$HOME/.local/share/gnome-shell/extensions/system-monitor-next@paradoxxx.zero.gmail.com/schemas/"
gsettings --schemadir "$SDIR" reset-recursively org.gnome.shell.extensions.system-monitor-next-applet

gsettings --schemadir "$SDIR" set org.gnome.shell.extensions.system-monitor-next-applet background '#ffffff16'
gsettings --schemadir "$SDIR" set org.gnome.shell.extensions.system-monitor-next-applet icon-display false
gsettings --schemadir "$SDIR" set org.gnome.shell.extensions.system-monitor-next-applet show-tooltip true
gsettings --schemadir "$SDIR" set org.gnome.shell.extensions.system-monitor-next-applet move-clock false
gsettings --schemadir "$SDIR" set org.gnome.shell.extensions.system-monitor-next-applet cpu-show-text false
gsettings --schemadir "$SDIR" set org.gnome.shell.extensions.system-monitor-next-applet cpu-style 'both'
gsettings --schemadir "$SDIR" set org.gnome.shell.extensions.system-monitor-next-applet cpu-graph-width 80
gsettings --schemadir "$SDIR" set org.gnome.shell.extensions.system-monitor-next-applet memory-display false
gsettings --schemadir "$SDIR" set org.gnome.shell.extensions.system-monitor-next-applet net-show-text false
gsettings --schemadir "$SDIR" set org.gnome.shell.extensions.system-monitor-next-applet net-style 'graph'
gsettings --schemadir "$SDIR" set org.gnome.shell.extensions.system-monitor-next-applet disk-usage-style 'bar'
gsettings --schemadir "$SDIR" set org.gnome.shell.extensions.system-monitor-next-applet thermal-display true
gsettings --schemadir "$SDIR" set org.gnome.shell.extensions.system-monitor-next-applet thermal-show-text false
gsettings --schemadir "$SDIR" set org.gnome.shell.extensions.system-monitor-next-applet thermal-style 'digit'

• SimpleWeather

• OpenWeather

SDIR="$HOME/.local/share/gnome-shell/extensions/openweather-extension@jenslody.de/schemas/"
gsettings --schemadir "$SDIR" reset-recursively org.gnome.shell.extensions.openweather

gsettings --schemadir "$SDIR" set org.gnome.shell.extensions.openweather use-system-icons false
gsettings --schemadir "$SDIR" set org.gnome.shell.extensions.openweather disable-forecast false
gsettings --schemadir "$SDIR" set org.gnome.shell.extensions.openweather unit 'celsius'
gsettings --schemadir "$SDIR" set org.gnome.shell.extensions.openweather wind-speed-unit 'm/s'
gsettings --schemadir "$SDIR" set org.gnome.shell.extensions.openweather pressure-unit 'hPa'
gsettings --schemadir "$SDIR" set org.gnome.shell.extensions.openweather position-index 1
gsettings --schemadir "$SDIR" set org.gnome.shell.extensions.openweather decimal-places 0
gsettings --schemadir "$SDIR" set org.gnome.shell.extensions.openweather days-forecast 3
gsettings --schemadir "$SDIR" set org.gnome.shell.extensions.openweather expand-forecast false
gsettings --schemadir "$SDIR" set org.gnome.shell.extensions.openweather city \
          '48.72,21.25>Košice, Slovensko>0 && 46.23,6.05>CERN, Switzerland>0 && 56.67,37.86>Дубна, Россия>0'

others extensions

• Vitals
• EasyScreenCast
• Frippery Applications Menu
• Frippery Bottom Panel

Screenshots

Z relativne trivialnej zalezitosti sa s pouzitim najnovsieho GNOME v kombinacii s Wayland-om stava problem.

• https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Screen_capture

Povodna samostatna aplikacia GNOME Screenshot sa s prichodom GNOME 42 (released 2022-03) meni na built-in utility in GNOME Shell. Samostatna aplikacia gnome-screenshot(1)^rpm je sice este distribuovane, ale uz nefunkcna (and archived). Built-in GNOME Screenshots and screencasts sa spusta jednoducho stlacenim PrtSc klavesy. Ponuka tri moznosti: Selection, Screen a Window.

• problem-1 nastava pri Window screenshot, kedy sa zachytava aj transparency shadow effect okolo samotneho window. Nie je to chyba, ale vlastnost Wayland, resp. Mutter, ktory pridava dekoracie, jemny tien, resp. prehladny okraj. Niekedy je to dokonca ziaduci efekt.

$ magick input.png -fuzz 50%                 -trim +repage output.png   # vseobecne odporucane riesenie je nefunkcne
$ magick input.png -channel A -threshold 50% -trim +repage output.png   # -alpha off # -strip   # funkcne (default Adwaita theme) odstranenie shadow effect

• problem-2 Window screenshot vzdy vybera iba jedno top-level okno a ponuka napr. dialogove alebo about okno len samostatne a nie ako ich composite. Vtedy je potrebne vybrat Selection screenshot a tu nastava problem ako presne vyrezat (crop) window zo selection. Kedze pouzivam jednofarebny desktop background, tak pouzijeme ImageMagick na auto-crop.

$ magick input.png -fuzz 33% -trim +repage output.png   # -fuzz udava toleranciu podobnych farieb (jednofarebne pozadie), see [1] and [2]

NEFUNKCNE:

• gnome-screenshot
• grim with slurp
• scrot
• maim
• gyazo

FUNKCNE (vsetky tri aplikacie maju vstavany editor, resp. annotation tool):

• flameshot Qt-based super, ale neviem vybrat potrebne window, len screen resp. selection cez vstavany editor (annotation tool).
• shutter Gtk3 in Perl, OK, pod Wayland limitovane moznosti, len screen resp. selection cez vstavany editor (annotation tool).
• ksnip Qt-based ale pod Wayland len screen resp. selection cez vstavany editor (annotation tool).

NOTE Pre potrebnu, vhodnu zmenu velkosti okna pouzivame Screenshot Window Sizer GNOME Shell Extension.